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OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effect of Guipi pills on D-galactose（D-gal）-induced aging mice. METHODS The immune-related targets and related pathways for Guipi pills to exert immune effects were screened by network pharmacology and verified through pharmacodynamic experiments. Totally 105 male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank control （CON） group， model control （MOD） group， positive control （POS） group， Guipi pills low-dose （GD） group and Guipi pills high-dose （GG） group. Except for the CON group， other groups were subcutaneously injected with 400 mg/kg D-gal to induce the aging model； CON group and MOD group were given distilled water， POS group was given 300 mg/kg pidotimod oral solution intragastrically， GD group and GG group were given Guipi pills 300， 600 mg/kg intragastrically， once a day， for 8 weeks. After medication， the serum and spleen were collected， and the contents of interleukin 2 （IL-2）， IL-4， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， and the contents of immunoglobulin G （IgG）， IgM and IgA were detected. The spleen index was calculated and the histopathological changes in the spleen were observed. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH- Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA）， and the content of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） in spleen were detected； the expression of TNF/phosphoinositide-3-kinase-threonine protein kinase （PI3k-Akt）-related proteins in spleen was detected except for POS group. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that TNF， IL-6 and Akt1 were core targets. The results of pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with MOD group， the contents of IL-2， IL-4， IgG， IgM and IgA were increased significantly in Guipi pills groups， while the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased significantly； the spleen index was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The phenomenon of diffuse proliferation of lymphocytes was improved， the spleen cells were closely arranged， and the line between the white pulp and red pulp was clear. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in spleen were increased significantly， while the activity of MDA， the content of 8-OHdG， and the protein expressions of TNF-α， PI3K and p-Akt were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Guipi pills can regulate the immune function of D-gal-induced aging mice， which is related to regulating the TNF/PI3k-Akt pathway， thereby reducing oxidative stress damage in spleen tissue of mice， and regulating protein expressions of TNF-α， PI3K and p-Akt.
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Objective:To observe the protective effect of deproteinized extract of calf blood (DECB) on the kidney injury of the diabetic rats, and to discuss its mechanism preliminarily.Methods:The male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (65 mg·kg-1) to establish the diabetes models, then the model rats were randomly divided into model (M)group, and metformin (MMet, 105 mg·kg-1) group , low dose of combined administration (ML,105 mg·k-1 metformin+94.5 mg·kg-1 ,DECB) group, medium dose of combined administration(MM, 105 mg·kg-1 metformin+ 189 mg·kg-1 DECB) group, high dose of combined administration(MH, 105 mg·kg-1 metformin +378 mg·kg-1,DECB) group, another ten Wistar rats were selected as normal control(NC)group.The rats were intragastrically administed with metformin and intraperitoneally injected with DECB, once a day, total of 8 weeks.The rats in NC group and M group were given normal saline solution.The weights and blood glucose levels of the rats in various groups were determined;the levels of serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin (UAlb), urine creatinine (UCR), serum creatinine (SCr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), uric acid (UA), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected;the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined.The pathological changes of kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by HE staining.Results:Compared with NC group, the weight of the rats in M group was reduced(P<0.05),and the levels of blood glucose,UAlb,UCr,SCr,UA,BUN,LDL-C,TC,TG,and MDA were increased(P<0.05);the levels of HDL-C and GSH were obviously reduced(P<0.05),and the activities of SOD adn GSH-Px were obviously reduced(P<0.05).Compared with M group,the weights of the rats in MM and MH groups were increased (P<0.05), and the levels of blood glucose,UAlb,UCr,SCr,UA,BUN,LDL-C,TC,TG, and MDA were decreased (P< 0.05);the levels of HDL-C and GSH were increased (P<0.05),and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05).The pathological observation of kidney tissue showed that the rats in M group had obvios kidney tissue lesions with glomerular congestion and renal tubular edema compared with NC group;compared with M group,the pathological changes of the kidney tissue of the rats in drug administration groups were significantly improved, the renal tubular vacuoles were reduced, and the interstitial hyperplasia was not obvious.Conclusion:DECB combined with metformin can reduce the blood glucose level, regulate blood lipid, improve the pathological changes of kidney tissue in the diabetic rats, reduce the renal damage, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body.
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Objective:To observe the protective effect of deproteinized extract of calf blood (DECB)on the ethanol-induced liver injury of the mice,and to preliminaryly discuss its mechanism. Methods:Sixty healthy ICR mice were divided into control group,model group,positive drug group,low,medium and high doses of DECB groups (n=10).By intragastric administration,the mice in control group were given 20 mL·kg-1 saline solution, the mice in low,medium and high doses of DECB groups were administrated with 0.125,0.250,0.500 g·kg -1 DECB,and the mice in positive drug group were administrated with 0.63 g·kg -1 Hugan Tablets;once a day for 30 d. 1 h after the last administration,except control group,the mice in other groups were administrated with one-time grant of 50% ethanol 14 mL·kg -1 ,and fasted for 16 h to establish the models of acute alcohol liver injury.The endurance alcohol time and drunk time of the mice were determined,the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT)and alanine transaminase (AST)activity in serum of the mice were detected,the levels of triglyceride (TG),glutathione (GSH)and malonic dialdehyde (MDA)in liver tissue were determined,and the pathological changes of liver tissue were detected.Results:Compared with model group,the drunk symptoms of the mice in different doses of DECB groups were obviously reduced,the endurance time of the mice in high dose of DECB group and positive drug group was prolonged (P <0.05),and the drinking time was shortened (P <0.05);the ALT and AST activities in serum in mediun and high doses of DECB groups were significantly lower than those in model group (P <0.05).Compared with model group,the MDA and TG levels in liver tissue of the mice in medium and high doses of DECB groups and positive drug group were obviously reduced,and the GSH levels were increased (P <0.05);compared with model group,the pathological damages of liver tissue of the mice in high dose of DECB group caused by ethanol were significantly reduced.Conclusion:DECB can improve ethanol-induced liver injury which may be related to the inhibition of hepatic oxidative stress response.
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Objective To identify the active compounds for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) from the seeds of Plantago asiatica. Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of iridoid glucosides (1-5) with PTP1B inhibitory activity. Results Five compounds were identified as desacetylhookerioside (1), melittoside (2), geniposidic acid (3), 10-O-acetyl-geniposidic acid (4), and alpinoside (5). Conclusion Isolated compounds 3-5 inhibit PTP1B with IC50 values ranged from (16.3 ± 1.1) to (19.8 ± 1.2) μmol/L.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for content determination of isoniazid and isonicotinic acid in isoniazid tablets.METHODS:The determination was performed on SHIM-PACK VP-ODS C18 column.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(0.2% docusate sodium,40 :60) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL?min-1.The UV detection wavelength was set at 261 nm and the sample size was 5 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range was 10～1000 ?g?mL-1 for isoniazid(r=0.999 8) with average recovery of 99.57%(RSD=0.26%) and 2～24 ?g?mL-1 for isonicotinic acid(r=0.9994) with average recovery of 98.96%(RSD=0.96%).The limited quantities were 0.05 ?g?mL-1,0.16 ?g?mL-1,respectively.CONCLUSION:The established method is simple,rapid and accurate,and suitable for content determination of isoniazid tablets.